春耕圖鑒上新：“聰明的農具”，科技感拉滿
瀏覽：2594
正當春耕，走進田間地頭，新風撲面：會澆地的機器人、可“問診”的人工智能大模型、多功能的無人機……春耕圖鑒上新，科技感十足的“新農具”，忙碌在春耕春管一線。
2026年中央一號文件提出，“因地制宜發展農業新質生產力，促進人工智能與農業發展相結合，拓展無人機、物聯網、機器人等應用場景”。
“新農具”如何扎根泥土，助力農業生產？記者走進田野，一探究竟
噴灌機器人
照料麥田“按需喂水”
春灌，小麥穩產增產的“第一關”。在河南太康的麥田里，一臺頭頂天線的“大家伙”正沿著田壟勻速前行。它身后，單噴槍如同一條水龍，水霧均勻地灑向拔節孕穗的冬小麥。
這是鄭州農人灌溉科技有限公司的智慧農業無人噴灌車“震麟一號”——能實現自主巡航、自動轉彎掉頭和水肥一體化作業。
這個重約2噸的“鋼鐵巨獸”，“心思”極為細膩。“震麟一號”依托北斗高精度定位系統，直線行走百米誤差不到2厘米，轉彎誤差控制在5厘米以內。
理論上，“震麟一號”一天噴灌面積可超過400畝，廠家建議卻是100到150畝。為什么有這么大的差距？“智慧春灌是把水‘算’著用。”河南農人灌溉設備有限公司負責人張新喜解釋，“小麥返青期根系活躍，土壤濕潤深度需達到20至30厘米，如果智能噴灌機器人跑得太快、‘蜻蜓點水’，濕潤深度還不到3厘米。把速度降下來，讓每畝地扎扎實實‘喝飽’，才是最經濟、最科學的。”
更讓人眼前一亮的是它的“耐力”。油電混合的增程式動力設計，搭配磷酸鐵鋰電池組，一次可以連續工作超過100個小時。位置、速度、水量、工作狀態等運行數據，都能通過物聯網實時回傳到手機端，方便農戶遠程“指揮”。
該設備的技術指導、華北水利水電大學副校長馬建琴介紹，智能噴灌機器人的推廣，契合了當前農業高效灌溉的迫切需求。“十四五”時期，我國新增耕地灌溉面積超過5300萬畝，全國耕地灌溉面積已突破10.9億畝，耕地灌溉率達56.2%。大中型灌區畝均產量更是全國平均水平的1.5倍、旱地的2.7倍。
馬建琴表示，水利是農業的命脈，而節水是水利的重要命題。以往大水漫灌“跑冒滴漏”嚴重，智能噴灌機器人實現了精量灌溉，相當于將水資源利用效率提升了數倍。從“大水漫灌”到“按需喂水”，這一轉變背后是數字技術與農業生產的深度融合，是實現“藏糧于技”的重要路徑。
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