空中作業(yè)機器人可以看做是下一代的無人機,由于它兼具無人機和作業(yè)機構(gòu)的二重特性,使得其相較于傳統(tǒng)無人機擁有更強的交互能力、更高的操縱精度、更高的可擴展性。空中作業(yè)機器人雖然由無人機和作業(yè)機構(gòu)組成,是不是簡單地把這二者結(jié)合起來就可以了呢?答案顯然是否定的,無人機和機械臂組成的多體動力學系統(tǒng)的控制是一個比較復雜的問題。同時,旋翼電機和作業(yè)機構(gòu)的驅(qū)動電機的不同,這也影響了空中作業(yè)機器人控制算法的實現(xiàn)。此外,由于空中作業(yè)機器人在任務(wù)過程中,往往與環(huán)境存在力接觸,因此對接觸力的控制也是空中作業(yè)機器人的一項重要內(nèi)容。總的來說,空中作業(yè)機器人目前還是“美好的明天”,在“明天”到來前,還有很多研究工作需要推進起來。 參考資料 [1] A. Ollero, M. Tognon, A. Suarez, D. Lee, and A. Franchi, “Past, Present, and Future of Aerial Robotic Manipulators,” IEEE Trans. Robot., 2021, doi: 10.1109/TRO.2021.3084395. [2] F. Huber et al., “First analysis and experiments in aerial manipulation using fully actuated redundant robot arm,” IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Robot. Syst., pp. 3452–3457, 2013, doi: 10.1109/IROS.2013.6696848.[3] M. Fumagalli, S. Stramigioli, and R. Carloni, “Mechatronic design of a robotic manipulator for unmanned aerial vehicles,” IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Robot. Syst., vol. 2016-November, pp. 4843–4848, 2016, doi: 10.1109/IROS.2016.7759711.[4] G. Muscio et al., “Experiments on coordinated motion of aerial robotic manipulators,” Proc. - IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom., vol. 2016-June, pp. 1224–1229, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ICRA.2016.7487252.[5] M. Tognon et al., “A Truly-Redundant Aerial Manipulator System With Application to Push-and-Slide Inspection in Industrial Plants,” IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 184–6, 2019, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2640361.[6] K. Bodie et al., “An Omnidirectional Aerial Manipulation Platform for Contact-Based Inspection,” 2019, doi: 10.15607/rss.2019.xv.019.[7] D. Sanalitro, H. J. Savino, M. Tognon, J. Cortés, and A. Franchi, “Full-Pose Manipulation Control of a Cable-Suspended Load with Multiple UAVs under Uncertainties,” IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 2185–2191, 2020, doi: 10.1109/LRA.2020.2969930.[8] G. Zhang et al., “Grasp a moving target from the air: System control of an aerial manipulator,” Proc. - IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom., pp. 1681–1687, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICRA.2018.8461103.[9] G. B. Haberfeld, D. Sun, and N. Hovakimyan, “Stabilization and Optimal Trajectory Generation for a Compact Aerial Manipulation System with a Delta-type Parallel Robot,” 2018 Int. Conf. Unmanned Aircr. Syst. ICUAS 2018, pp. 1091–1100, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453444.[10] D. Tzoumanikas, F. Graule, Q. Yan, D. Shah, M. Popovic, and S. Leutenegger, “Aerial Manipulation Using Hybrid Force and Position NMPC Applied to Aerial Writing,” 2020, doi: 10.15607/rss.2020.xvi.046.